Connect to Amazon S3 Data as an External Data Source using PolyBase

PolyBase for SQL Server allows you to query external data by using the same Transact-SQL syntax used to query a database table. When paired with the CData ODBC Driver for Amazon S3, you get access to your Amazon S3 data directly alongside your SQL Server data. This article describes creating an external data source and external tables to grant access to live Amazon S3 data using T-SQL queries.

NOTE: PolyBase is only available on SQL Server 19 and above, and only for Standard SQL Server.

CData Connect Cloud provides a pure SQL Server interface for Amazon S3, allowing you to query data from Amazon S3 without replicating the data to a natively supported database. Using optimized data processing out of the box, CData Connect Cloud pushes all supported SQL operations (filters, JOINs, etc.) directly to Amazon S3, leveraging server-side processing to return the requested Amazon S3 data quickly.

Configure Amazon S3 Connectivity for PolyBase

Connectivity to Amazon S3 from PolyBase is made possible through CData Connect Cloud. To work with Amazon S3 data from PolyBase, we start by creating and configuring a Amazon S3 connection.

1. Log into Connect Cloud, click Connections and click Add Connection
2. Select "Amazon S3" from the Add Connection panel
3. Enter the necessary authentication properties to connect to Amazon S3.

   To authorize Amazon S3 requests, provide the credentials for an administrator account or for an IAM user with custom permissions. Set AccessKey to the access key Id. Set SecretKey to the secret access key.

   Note: You can connect as the AWS account administrator, but it is recommended to use IAM user credentials to access AWS services.

   For information on obtaining the credentials and other authentication methods, refer to the Getting Started section of the Help documentation.

4. Click Create & Test
5. Navigate to the Permissions tab in the Add Amazon S3 Connection page and update the User-based permissions.

Add a Personal Access Token

If you are connecting from a service, application, platform, or framework that does not support OAuth authentication, you can create a Personal Access Token (PAT) to use for authentication. Best practices would dictate that you create a separate PAT for each service, to maintain granularity of access.

1. Click on your username at the top right of the Connect Cloud app and click User Profile.
2. On the User Profile page, scroll down to the Personal Access Tokens section and click Create PAT.
3. Give your PAT a name and click Create.
4. The personal access token is only visible at creation, so be sure to copy it and store it securely for future use.

Create an External Data Source for Amazon S3 Data

After configuring the connection, you need to create a credential database for the external data source.

Creating a Credential Database

Execute the following SQL command to create credentials for the external data source connected to Amazon S3 data.

NOTE: Set IDENTITY to your Connect Cloud username and set SECRET to your Personal Access Token.

CREATE DATABASE SCOPED CREDENTIAL ConnectCloudCredentials
WITH IDENTITY = 'yourusername', SECRET = 'yourPAT';

Create an External Data Source for Amazon S3

Execute a CREATE EXTERNAL DATA SOURCE SQL command to create an external data source for Amazon S3 with PolyBase:

CREATE EXTERNAL DATA SOURCE ConnectCloudInstance
WITH ( 
  LOCATION = 'sqlserver://tds.cdata.com:14333',
  PUSHDOWN = ON,
  CREDENTIAL = ConnectCloudCredentials
);

Create External Tables for Amazon S3

After creating the external data source, use CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE statements to link to Amazon S3 data from your SQL Server instance. The table column definitions must match those exposed by CData Connect Cloud. You can use the Data Explorer in Connect Cloud to see the table definition.

Sample CREATE TABLE Statement

Execute a CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE SQL command to create the external table(s), using the collation and setting the LOCATION to three-part notation for the connection, catalog, and table. The statement to create an external table based on a Amazon S3 ObjectsACL would look similar to the following.

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE ObjectsACL(
  Name COLLATE [nvarchar](255) NULL,
  OwnerId COLLATE [nvarchar](255) NULL,
  ...
) WITH ( 
  LOCATION='AmazonS31.AmazonS3.ObjectsACL',
  DATA_SOURCE=ConnectCloudInstance
);

Having created external tables for Amazon S3 in your SQL Server instance, you are now able to query local and remote data simultaneously. To get live data access to 100+ SaaS, Big Data, and NoSQL sources directly from your SQL Server database, try CData Connect Cloud today!